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Compound interest explained with real numbers β€” why starting 10 years earlier doubles the result

2026-09-22

Saving $300 a month at 7 % from age 25 to 65 ends near $790,000. Starting at 35 with the same $300 ends near $365,000. The extra ten years cost $36,000 in contributions and produced $425,000 more. That gap is compounding.

How it works

Interest is added to the balance, and next period's interest is calculated on the new, larger balance. Monthly compounding at 7 % means 0.583 % each month on whatever is there. Early on the effect is small; after a couple of decades the interest earned each year exceeds what you contribute.

Rule of 72

Divide 72 by the annual return to estimate doubling time. At 7 % money doubles every ~10 years; at 4 % every 18. It also works in reverse for inflation: at 3 % prices double in 24 years.

What to plug into the calculator

  • Long-term diversified stock index: 6–8 % nominal is the common conservative assumption
  • High-yield savings: 3–5 %
  • Subtract ~3 % inflation to think in today's money
  • Compounding frequency matters far less than rate and time β€” monthly vs yearly at 7 % differs by about 0.2 % per year
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